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29
README.md
29
README.md
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
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# Web-Password
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_a web based password generator_
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# Funktionsweise
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@@ -24,3 +29,27 @@ docker build -t password-generator .
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docker run -p 8080:8080 password-generator
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```
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## mit docker-compose
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Ein `docker-compose.yml` wird mitgeliefert.
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### initial pull
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```
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docker compose login gitea.scu.si
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docker compose pull
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```
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### start up
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```
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docker compose up -d
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```
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### bring down
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```
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docker compose down
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```
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110
SECURITY.md
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110
SECURITY.md
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# Security Considerations
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---
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## 1. Overview
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This document analyzes the security of passwords generated by the application, which uses the following parameters:
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- Length: 32 characters
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- Character set: Uppercase letters (A-Z), lowercase letters (a-z), digits (0-9)
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- No special characters (equivalent to `apg -a 1 -m 32 -n 1 -M NCL`)
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---
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## 2. Keyspace Analysis
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### 2.1. Character Set and Length
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- Character set size: 26 (uppercase) + 26 (lowercase) + 10 (digits) = **62 possible characters per position**.
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- Password length: 32 characters.
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### 2.2. Total Keyspace
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The total number of possible passwords is calculated as:
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62^32 ≈ 1.46 × 10^57
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This means there are **1.46 decillion** possible combinations.
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---
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## 3. Brute-Force Resistance
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### 3.1. Average Number of Guesses
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On average, an attacker would need to try half of the keyspace to guess the correct password:
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(62^32) / 2 ≈ 7.3 × 10^56 attempts
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### 3.2. Time to Crack on Modern Hardware
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| Hardware | Hashes per Second | Time to Exhaust Keyspace |
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|-------------------|-------------------|--------------------------------|
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| Modern CPU | 10 billion | 7.3 × 10^46 seconds | ≈ 2.3 × 10^39 years |
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| Modern GPU | 100 billion | 7.3 × 10^45 seconds | ≈ 2.3 × 10^38 years |
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**Note**: Even with massive parallelization (e.g., botnets or supercomputers), brute-forcing a 32-character password from this keyspace is practically infeasible.
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---
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## 4. Comparison with Shorter Passwords
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| Length | Keyspace (62 Characters) | Average Guesses | Time on GPU (100 GigaHashes/s) |
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|--------|--------------------------|-----------------------|-------------------------------|
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| 16 | 4.7 × 10^28 | 2.35 × 10^28 | ~74 years |
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| 24 | 1.3 × 10^43 | 6.5 × 10^42 | ~2.1 million years |
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| 32 | 1.46 × 10^57 | 7.3 × 10^56 | ~2.3 trillion years |
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---
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## 5. Threat Model
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### 5.1. Brute-Force Attacks
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- **Conclusion**: Brute-force attacks are not a viable threat for 32-character passwords.
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- **Mitigation**: Ensure the system enforces rate-limiting to prevent automated guessing.
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### 5.2. Social Engineering and Side-Channel Attacks
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- **Social Engineering**: Phishing, keyloggers, or shoulder surfing are more realistic threats than brute-force attacks.
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- **Side-Channel Attacks**: Timing attacks or power analysis could theoretically reduce security if the password verification is poorly implemented.
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- **Mitigation**: Use constant-time comparison functions for password verification.
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### 5.3. Password Storage
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- **Hashing**: Always store passwords using strong, adaptive hashing algorithms like:
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- Argon2 (recommended for new systems)
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- bcrypt or PBKDF2 (with high work factors)
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- **Salting**: Use a unique salt per password to prevent rainbow table attacks.
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---
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## 6. Practical Recommendations
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### 6.1. For Users
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- **Password Managers**: Encourage the use of password managers to store and manage generated passwords.
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- **Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)**: Always enable MFA where possible to add an extra layer of security.
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### 6.2. For Developers
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- **Rate Limiting**: Implement rate limiting on authentication endpoints to slow down brute-force attempts.
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- **Secure Transmission**: Ensure passwords are transmitted over TLS/SSL to prevent interception.
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- **Password Policies**: Enforce policies that discourage password reuse and encourage regular updates.
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### 6.3. For DFIR and Incident Response
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- **Logging and Monitoring**: Log failed login attempts and monitor for unusual activity.
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- **Incident Response Plan**: Have a plan in place for compromised accounts, including forced password resets and user notification.
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---
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## 7. Additional Considerations
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### 7.1. Extended Character Set
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If special characters are included (e.g., !@#$%^&*), the keyspace increases to:
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72^32 ≈ 1.9 × 10^60
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This further improves security but is not necessary for most use cases given the already massive keyspace.
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### 7.2. Entropy Calculation
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The entropy of a 32-character password from a 62-character set is:
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log2(62^32) ≈ 192.6 bits
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This exceeds the 128-bit security level recommended by NIST for cryptographic applications.
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---
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## 8. Conclusion
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The passwords generated by this application are extremely secure against brute-force attacks due to their length and character diversity. The primary risks lie in human factors (e.g., phishing, reuse) and implementation flaws (e.g., weak hashing, lack of rate limiting).
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For DFIR and high-security environments, combine these passwords with:
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- Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)
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- Regular audits of authentication logs
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- User education on social engineering risks
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---
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## 9. References
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- [NIST Special Publication 800-63B](https://pages.nist.gov/800-63-3/sp800-63b.html) (Digital Identity Guidelines)
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- [OWASP Password Storage Cheat Sheet](https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Password_Storage_Cheat_Sheet.html)
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- [Argon2: The Memory-Hard Function for Password Hashing](https://github.com/P-H-C/phc-winner-argon2)
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