- ${#v}, ${v#p} ${v##p} ${v%p} ${v%%p}, ${v/p/r} ${v//p/r} ${v/#p/r}
${v/%p/r}, ${v:off:len}, ${v-w} ${v:=w} ${v:+w} ${v:?msg}; nested ${}
- arithmetic expansion $((...)) with the C operators, ** and assignments
- set -e, set -x, set -o pipefail (also as gosh options, passed on to
subshells); set shows variables, set -o the options
- trap for EXIT and signals; scripts with an EXIT trap run it on
SIGINT/SIGTERM/SIGHUP too
- eval, exec (also exec > file without a command), $!, wait pid
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
- control structures can have redirections (while read l; do ...; done
< file), which apply to all commands in them; they run in the shell
- in pipes and in the background they run in a subshell (cmd | while
read l; do ...; done, for ...; done &, a && b &)
- ( list ) subshells; ( and ) are operators now
- here-documents <<EOF, <<-EOF, <<'EOF' and here-strings <<<word
- redirections of source apply to the commands of the file
- fix non-ASCII characters in quotes being mangled ('für')
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
- functions: name() { ...; }, function name { ...; }, return, local,
unset -f; in pipes, & and $(...) they run in a subshell that gets all
function definitions and the positional parameters
- positional parameters $0, $1 ... ${10}, $#, "$@", "$*", $$; set by
gosh script args, gosh -c command name args, function calls,
source file args and set --; shift; for x without "in"
- case word in pattern|pattern) ...;; esac and { list; } groups
- read [-r] [-p prompt] [name ...] with $IFS splitting and $REPLY
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Florian WaltherandClaude Opus 5.5